I was scheduled to give a keynote address in Newark, New Jersey about disability and creativity. The address was not delivered. I had to cancel because my mother-in-law was dying. Below is part of that address about the vast treasury of contributions people with disabilities have given to the world.

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It is important for society to help the chronically ill and disabled to reach their full potential. While adversity or suffering with a disability may have the terrible effect of isolating people, it’s important to realize that their creativity may continue unabated and even blossom while suffering.

I think that suffering can sharpen creative perceptiveness and expression. Art, literature, music, and the sciences have records of suffering people making colossal contributions to human creativity despite their suffering (or maybe because of it). History records many suffering people whose creative contributions enriched our world. They have so much to bring to the table of human experience despite their disabilities – and sometimes because of their disabilities.

John Forbes Nash Jr. Brilliant American mathematician and Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize for economics. He suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. The movie A Beautiful Mind was made about his life.

Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) English Novelist, is widely acclaimed as one of the great innovative novelists of the 20th century. She was manic-depressive (which we call bipolar today). Her psychosis ultimately led to her suicide in 1941.

Maurice Ravel's Pianoforte Concerto for the Left Hand was
written for an Austrian pianist (Paul Wittgenstein) who lost his right arm in the First World War.

Imagine Wittgenstein's grief! Music was the center of his world. He grew up in a prominent Viennese household visited by composers such as Johannes Brahms, Gustav Mahler, and Richard Straus: as a boy, Paul Wittgenstein occasionally played duets with them. He was close to 30 years of age when he lost his arm. It must have been a terrible shock!

Despite losing his arm, Wittgenstein did not give up and went on to a successful career as a concert pianist. He commissioned various works that he could perform from composers such as Benjamin Britten, Paul Hindemith, and Richard Strauss. Wittgenstein was a wonderful example of the human capacity to triumph over adversity.

Paul Wittgenstein was probably just as skilled a pianist before he lost his arm as after. Yet the public loved him most as a one-armed pianist. (Everyone loves an over-comer!) Did Paul Wittgenstein play Ravel's Pianoforte for the left hand better than any two-armed pianist? Probably not, but the public wanted it played by someone who had earned the right to play it.

The musician's suffering was as important to a composition for the left hand as the notes themselves; together they made the music more beautiful and compelling - and that was true. It's still true.

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931). He lost almost all his hearing at the age of twelve. Yet that is not why we remember him. We remember Thomas Edison for inventing the phonograph, the movie camera, and the light bulb.

Henry Ford – (1863-1947) American industrialist and pioneer automobile manufacturer. He also had a severe hearing impairment.

Vincent Van Gogh (1853-90) His career as a painter began at the age of 27 and lasted a brief ten years ending in his suicide. His works are perhaps better known than any other painter's, yet he was virtually unknown during his lifetime. He suffered from mental illness.

His mental illness drove his moods from the highest pitches of enthusiasm and creativity – which he called the “rage of work” to periods of discouragement which he called his “fear and horror of madness.”^{^[1]} Van Gogh produced over 2,000 pieces of art. Do you know how many of those pieces he sold during his lifetime? One. His brother Theo had to beg somebody to buy it.

Vincent Van Gogh’s attempts at romantic love were rebuffed which drove him further into isolation and internal anguish. He often suffered seizures, hallucinations, and delirium for days or weeks at a time. On one occasion Van Gogh cut off part of his ear.

Van Gogh captured the suffering of mental illness in glittering, agitated canvases. His internal turbulence and anguish are clearly evident in most of his paintings, which set the stage for the direction of a new style of painting we call Expressionism. Vincent`s emotional turmoil did, however, bear artistic fruits in the form of a remarkable gift for perception - seeing powerfully what most others did not observe at all. He projected onto the canvas what he experienced internally.^{^[2]}

Van Gogh wrote more than 800 letters. If you haven’t read his collected correspondence, I recommend it. Not only is it a good autobiographical account of Vincent Van Gogh’s life, it’s great literature.

Vincent Van Gogh lived in barren rooms of rural cottages and the wards of mental institutions. His loneliness and isolation were almost larger than his life. Yet that is not what we remember about Vincent van Gogh. When we think of him we are apt to think of “Starry Nights”, "Cafe Terrace", or his stunning series of Sunflowers, just to mention a few.

His last dark painting was titled "Wheatfield with Crows". That’s the field where he shot himself in July 1980 at the age of 37. He died three days later. Van Gogh’s last words summed up his sadness. He said, simply, “The sadness never goes away. I think I want to go home now.”

In one of his last letters to Theo, Van Gogh had written,

“"I feel...a failure. That's it as far as I'm concerned...I feel that this is the destiny that I accept, that will never change."

He was not a failure. Look what he left humanity!

John Milton (1609-74) was blind when he wrote Paradise Lost – the story of Satan’s rebellion against God and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Paradise Lost is generally considered the greatest epic in the English language.

John Keats (1795-1821) Is considered one of England’s greatest poets. He died at the young age of 25 of tuberculosis. His poetry is unequaled for dignity, melody and richness of imagery. He once said, “I have loved the principle of beauty in all things, and if I had time, I would have made myself remembered."

He didn’t need more time to create beauty. John Keats is remembered.

Elizabeth Barret Browning (1806-61) An invalid and recluse, yet her gift for lyrical poetry is with us to this day.

Some scholars have speculated that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart may have suffered from Tourette's syndrome.^{^[3]}

Robert Schumann (1810-56) A leading composer of the Romantic movement. As a young pianist, he damaged his right hand, which ended his dreams of becoming a concert pianist, but his output as a composer for piano, orchestral works, and chamber music was prodigious. Schumann suffered from depression and mental illness that worsened with age. Robert Schumann suffered from auditory hallucinations. During one of his bouts of mental illness, he attempted suicide. He admitted himself to an asylum where he died in 1856.

Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) Is universally acknowledged as one of the greatest composers who ever lived. Most people are aware that he was deaf when he wrote his 9^th Symphony. It was his crowning achievement!

I want to bring to your attention to the fact that Beethoven was going deaf when he wrote his 1^st symphony.^{^[4]} It was detectable when he began composing his 1^st symphony in 1798, and when it was completed in 1800, Beethoven had become anxious about his malady. In his own words, Beethoven had noticed his hearing loss beginning in 1796 at the age of 26.^{^[5]} By 1801, his physicians began various therapies, to no avail. His deafness increased to be near total, yet his creative prowess did not falter.

All 9 symphonies were composed with some level of deafness! His mind was so muscular. How could it be that the standard bearer of the Romantic era was a composer who was deaf! Despite this, he rose above his predicament to reach unequaled human achievement. His beloved Moon Light Sonata was composed in serious deafness. The same is true for his opera Fidelio and Creatures of Prometheus. It is doubtful he heard much of his 5^th Symphony, his concerto for violin and orchestra, and his Masses.

Beethoven was tormented by his inner and outer troubles, his disappointment with life, and his isolation brought on by his disability. He mentioned this in a letter he wrote to his brother Carl in 1802.

“[F]orgive me when you see me draw back.... for me there is no relaxation with my fellow man, no refined conversations, no mutual exchange of ideas. I must live almost alone, like one who has been banished. ...But what a humiliation for me when someone standing next to me heard a flute in the distance and I heard nothing, or someone standing next to me heard a shepherd singing and again I heard nothing. Such incidents drove me almost to despair; a little more of that and I would have ended my life – it was only my art that held me back.”

In that same letter, Beethoven prayed, “O Divine One, thou seest my inmost soul thou knowest that therein dwells the love of mankind and a desire to do good.” At the end of his letter to Karl and Johann, he wrote in his despair, “Farewell and do not wholly forget me when I am dead.”

These words were written at a point of crisis for Beethoven about his deafness. Happily for us, the crisis passed and the great man rose above his deafness to eventually write his 9^th and final symphony at his peak of creative power. Although Beethoven used Schiller’s Ode to Joy, there is a spiritual or mystical quality to the 9^th.Symphony. It has a note of authentic life experience. It contains energy yet a peace and acceptance only won by strife, and a wisdom only suffering can teach.

In this symphony we see a triumph of human spirit over adversity sustained by a spark of God’s love in a silent world. Yes, above a starry canopy dwells a loving Father who can reach into the silent world of a deaf genius and touch us even 185 years later.

Now, for the next 30 minutes, please enjoy the 4^th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven’s 9^th symphony, The West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, conducted by Daniel Barenboim.